Current Issue : July - September Volume : 2015 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 7 Articles
Thescaling process of the conventional 2D-planar metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) is nowapproaching\nits limit as technology has reached below 20 nm process technology. A new nonplanar device architecture called FinFET was\ninvented to overcome the problem by allowing transistors to be scaled down into sub-20nm region. In this work, the FinFET\nstructure is implemented in 1-bit full adder transistors to investigate its performance and energy efficiency in the subthreshold\nregion for cell designs of Complementary MOS (CMOS), Complementary Pass-Transistor Logic (CPL), Transmission Gate (TG),\nand Hybrid CMOS (HCMOS). The performance of 1-bit FinFET-based full adder in 16-nm technology is benchmarked against\nconventional MOSFET-based full adder. The Predictive Technology Model (PTM) and Berkeley Shortchannel IGFET Model-\nCommonMulti-Gate (BSIM-CMG) 16nmlowpower libraries are used. Propagation delay, average power dissipation, power-delayproduct\n(PDP), and energy-delay-product (EDP) are analysed based on all four types of full adder cell designs of both FETs. The\n1-bit FinFET-based full adder shows a great reduction in all four metric performances. A reduction in propagation delay, PDP, and\nEDP is evident in the 1-bit FinFET-based full adder of CPL, giving the best overall performance due to its high-speed performance\nand good current driving capabilities...
Thesilver nanowires (AgNWs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)were synthesized.With near-field electrospinning (NFES) process,\nfibers and thin films with AgNPs and AgNWs were fabricated. In the NFES process, 10 k voltage was applied and the AgNPs and\nAgNWs fibers can be directly orderly collected without breaking and bending. Then, the characteristics of the fibers were analyzed\nby four-point probe and EDS. The conductive filmwas analyzed.When the thickness of films with AgNWs and AgNPs was 1.6 ????m,\nthe sheet resistance of films was 0.032?/sq which was superior to that of the commercial ITO. The transmissivity of films was\nanalyzed. The transmissivity was inversely proportional to sheet resistance of the films. In the future, the fibers and films can be\nused as transparent conductive electrodes....
Fuel cells, converting chemical energy from fuels into electricity directly without the need for combustion, are promising energy\nconversion devices for their potential applications as environmentally friendly, energy efficient power sources. However, to take\nfuel cell technology forward towards commercialization, we need to achieve further improvements in electrocatalyst technology,\nwhich can play an extremely important role in essentially determining cost-effectiveness, performance, and durability. In particular,\nplatinum- (Pt-) based electrocatalyst approaches have been extensively investigated and actively pursued to meet those demands\nas an ideal fuel cell catalyst due to their most outstanding activity for both cathode oxygen reduction reactions and anode fuel\noxidation reactions. In this review, we will address important issues and recent progress in the development of Pt-based catalysts,\ntheir synthesis, and characterization. We will also review snapshots of research that are focused on essential dynamics aspects of\nelectrocatalytic reactions, such as the shape effects on the catalytic activity of Pt-based nanostructures, the relationships between\nstructural morphology of Pt-based nanostructures and electrochemical reactions on both cathode and anode electrodes, and the\neffects of composition and electronic structure of Pt-based catalysts on electrochemical reaction properties of fuel cells....
The composite processing between laser cladding and low temperature (300?C) ion sulfurization was applied to prepare wear\nresistant and self-lubricating coating.The microstructure, morphology, phase composition, valence states, and wear resistance of\nthe composite coatingwere investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray diffraction\n(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS), and friction and wear apparatus. The results indicate that the laser cladding Nibased\ncoatings and the maximum hardness of 46.5HRC were obtained when the percent of pure W powder was 10%, composed\nof columnar dendrites crystals and ultrafine dendritic structure. After ion sulfurization at 300?C for 4 h, the loose and porous\ncomposite coating is formed with nanograins and the granularity of all grains is less than 100 nm, which consists of y-(Fe, Ni),\nM23C6 carbides, FeS, FeS2, andWS2. Furthermore, the wear resistance of the composite coating is better than the laser cladding\nNi55 + 10%W coating, and the friction coefficient and mass losses under the conditions of dry and oil lubrication are lower than\nthose of laser cladding Ni55 + 10%W coating....
Au with Pd nanoparticles were synthesized and coated onto the spinel LiMn2O4 via a coprecipitation calcination method\nwith the objective to improve the microstructure, conductivity, and electrochemical activities of pristine LiMn2O4. The novel\nLi[PdAu]xMn2?xO4 composite cathode had high phase purity, well crystallized particles, and more regular morphological\nstructures with narrow size distributions.At enlarged cycling potential ranges the Li[PdAu]xMn2?xO4 sample delivered 90mAhg?1\ndischarge capacity compared to LiMn2O4 (45mAhg?1). Itwas concluded that even a small amount of the Pd andAu enhanced both\nthe lithium diffusivity and electrochemical conductivity of the host sample due to the beneficial properties of their synergy...
The properties of the growth of the 6061-T6 aluminum alloy oxide were studied using sulfuric acid anodization. The parameters\nfor the manufacturing process include electrolyte categories, electrolyte concentration, and operating voltages. The results showed\nthat the aluminum oxides obtained by anodization process are mainly amorphous structure and the anodic current density is an\nimportant factor affecting the rate of response for oxygen and aluminum ions in barrier. In this experiment, polish process is very\nimportant to stable the anodic aluminum oxide film and then it will get the better properties of anodic film. Besides, when using\nsulfuric acid as the electrolyte, the increase of anodic voltage also increases the rate of reaction which increases the mechanical and\nelectrical properties of anodic oxide film, but too large applied anodic voltage will reduce the mechanical and electrical properties\nof film because of the crack of the anodic oxide film....
Si nanocrystal grains were prepared by pulsed laser ablation with different laser fluence in Ar gas of 10 Pa at room temperature.\nThe as-formed grains in the space deposited on the substrates and distributed in a certain range apart from target. According to\nthe depositing position and radius of grains, the nucleation locations of grains in the space were roughly calculated. The results\nindicated that the width of nucleation region broadened with increasing of ion densities diagnosed by Langmuir probe, which\nincreased with laser fluence from 2 J/cm2 to 6 J/cm2; that is, width of nucleation region broadened with addition of laser fluence.\nAt the same time, the width broadened with the terminal formation position moving backward and the initial formation position\nof grains moving toward ablated spot.The experimental results were explained reasonably by nucleation thermokinetic theory....
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